1. Read the passage
A short passage in the style of nineteenth-century Russian prose, written for this test. Tap a sentence to hear it and see its gloss.
2. Participles
A participle is a verb that works like an adjective: it describes a noun and takes adjective endings. It replaces a кото́рый clause. Choose the participle that means the same. Participles guide →
3. “Would” and “would have”
Real conditions (it may happen) use е́сли with the normal tense. Unreal ones (imagined, or too late) use е́сли бы and the past tense in both halves. Conditional guide →
4. Names and patronymics
Build the patronymic from the father’s name, and choose how to address each person. Formal and informal guide →
| FatherИва́н | His son’s patronymic? | |
| FatherСерге́й | His daughter’s patronymic? | |
| Speaking toyour teacher, А́нна Петро́вна | How do you greet her? | |
| Speaking toa close friend, Алекса́ндр | What do friends call him? |
5. Punctuation and direct speech
Russian marks dialogue with a long dash, and quotations with «guillemets». Commas are required before что, кото́рый and other linking words. Punctuation guide →
- Which is punctuated correctly?
- Which is punctuated correctly?
- Which is punctuated correctly?
- Which is punctuated correctly?
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