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Compare grammatical case systems: Russian 6 cases, German 4, Latin 6, Arabic 3, Finnish 15. Full function tables, declension examples, and Japanese particle equivalents.
FSI language difficulty categories explained: Category I-IV hour estimates and why Spanish is easy, Russian is harder, and Chinese, Japanese, and Arabic are hardest.
Compare pronunciation challenges in Russian, Spanish, Mandarin, Japanese, and Arabic for English speakers. IPA, minimal pairs, tones, pharyngeals, and practice priorities.
Compare how English, Spanish, Russian, Chinese, Japanese, and Arabic express tense and aspect. Morphological breakdowns, tense tables, and same-sentence comparisons.
Compare the world's main writing systems: alphabets (Latin, Cyrillic, Greek), abjads (Arabic, Hebrew), syllabaries (hiragana, katakana), and logographies (hanzi, kanji).
