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German · Vocabulary · B1 to C1

Money and the economy in German: brutto, netto, and steigt um or auf

GehaltsabrechnungExample · tap a line
BruttogehaltBRU-toh-ge-haaltGross salary: what the contract says, before anything is taken off.
MeinmyBruttogehaltgross-salarybeträgtamounts-to3.500 Euro.3,500 euros
main BRU-toh-ge-haalt be-TRAYKT DRAI-tau-zent-FÜNF-hun-dert OY-roh · “My gross salary is 3,500 euros.”Why: betragen = to amount to: the formal verb for sums. 3.500 uses a point for thousands.
Figures are illustrative; real deductions depend on tax class, state and health insurer.

Short answer: pay before deductions is brutto, after deductions netto. German economic words are long compound nouns (several nouns joined into one): die Arbeitslosenversicherung is unemployment insurance. For changes, the preposition matters: steigt um 2 % means rises by 2 %, steigt auf 5 % means rises to 5 %. Everyday money verbs: verdienen (earn), ausgeben (spend), sparen (save), überweisen (transfer).

Taking long words apart

Arbeits·losen·versicherung

Read a compound from the end: the last part is the core meaning and decides the gender. The parts before it narrow it down. Small linking letters like -s- or -n- often join the parts.

Arbeitslosenversicherung worklink-lessinsurance → die die Arbeitslosen (the unemployed) + die Versicherung = unemployment insurance
The last noun wins. die Versicherung is feminine, so the whole 24-letter word is too.
By or to: um, auf, von

Steigt um 2 Prozent, steigt auf 5 Prozent

umby (the difference)
Die Preisethe pricessteigenriseumbyzwei Prozent.two percent
dee PRAI-ze SHTAI-gen um TSVAI pro-TSENT · “Prices are rising by two percent.”Why: um gives the size of the change.
aufto (the new level)
Die Inflationthe inflationsteigtrisesauftofünf Prozent.five percent
dee in-fla-TSYOHN SHTAIKT auf FÜNF pro-TSENT · “Inflation rises to five percent.”Why: auf gives where it ends up.
von … auffrom … to
Die Quotethe ratesinktfallsvon 6from 6auf 5 Prozent.to 5 percent
dee KVOH-te ZINKT fon ZEKS auf FÜNF pro-TSENT · “The rate falls from 6 to 5 percent.”Why: von marks the start, auf the end. sinken = to fall, sink.
bleibtstays
Der Leitzinsthe base-ratebleibtstaysunverändert.unchanged
dair LAIT-tsins BLAIPT UN-fair-en-dert · “The base rate stays unchanged.”Why: der Leitzins is the central bank’s key interest rate. unverändert = unchanged.
Everyday money

Verdienen, ausgeben, sparen, überweisen

GermanEnglishIn a phrase
verdienenfair-DEE-nento earngut verdienen (to earn well)
ausgebenAUS-gay-bento spendGeld ausgeben (to spend money)
sparenSHPAA-rento saveauf ein Auto sparen (to save for a car)
überweisenü-ber-VAI-zento transferGeld überweisen (to make a transfer)
abhebenAP-hay-bento withdrawGeld abheben (to take money out)
leihenLAI-ento lend; to borrowsich Geld leihen (to borrow money)
das KontoKON-tohaccountein Konto eröffnen (to open an account)
bar zahlenBAAR tsaa-lento pay cashmit Karte zahlen (to pay by card)

Cash still matters in Germany: many cafés and bakeries prefer it, and Nur Barzahlung or Nur bar on a sign means cash only. The common debit card is the Girocard, still often called EC-Karte.

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