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German · Vocabulary · A2 to B2

German emotions vocabulary: sich freuen auf, Angst haben vor, and mir geht’s gut

Feeling + preposition + case · pick a feeling, then a thing
verbfreue michprepositionaufaccusativedas Wochenende
IchIfreueam-gladmichmyselfaufondastheWochenende.weekend
ikh FROI-e mikh AUF das VO-khen-en-de · “I’m looking forward to the weekend.”Why: sich freuen auf takes the accusative: das Wochenende → das Wochenende. Auf for something still to come.

Short answer: simple feelings use sein + an adjective: Ich bin froh (I’m happy), Ich bin traurig (I’m sad). Many emotions are reflexive verbs with a fixed preposition: sich freuen auf (to look forward to), sich ärgern über (to be annoyed about). The preposition decides the case. To say how you are, Germans use the dative: Mir geht es gut, literally “to me it goes well”.

Feelings with sein

Froh, traurig, wütend, aufgeregt

German adjectives after sein never change ending: Er ist müde, Sie ist müde. Watch one pair: gelangweilt is how you feel (bored); langweilig is what causes it (boring).

Positive
Negative
Tired and bored
Emotion verbs

Verb + sich + preposition: learn them as one unit

Each verb comes with its own preposition, and each preposition with its own case. The table gives the full unit to memorise. Über and auf take the accusative here; vor takes the dative.

UnitCaseExampleEnglish
sich freuen auf + Akk.accusativeIch freue mich auf den Sommer.I’m looking forward to summer.
sich freuen über + Akk.accusativeIch freue mich über das Geschenk.I’m pleased with the present.
sich ärgern über + Akk.accusativeEr ärgert sich über den Lärm.He’s annoyed about the noise.
Angst haben vor + Dat.dativeSie hat Angst vor Hunden.She’s afraid of dogs.
sich fürchten vor + Dat.dativeIch fürchte mich vor der Dunkelheit.I’m scared of the dark.
stolz sein auf + Akk.accusativeWir sind stolz auf dich.We’re proud of you.
sich interessieren für + Akk.accusativeIch interessiere mich für Musik.I’m interested in music.
sich Sorgen machen um + Akk.accusativeIch mache mir Sorgen um dich.I’m worried about you.
How you are

Wie geht es dir? Mir geht’s gut

“How are you?” is impersonal in German: Wie geht es dir?, literally “how goes it to you?”. The person is in the dative case, and the pronoun changes with who you are talking to. Pick the person first.

They ask
Wiehowgehtgoesesitdir?to-you
vee GAYT es DEER · “How are you?” You answer, then ask back
Mirto-megeht’sgoes-itgut.wellUndanddir?to-you
meer gayts GOOT · oont DEER · “I’m well. And you?” Why: dir is the dative of du, used for one friend, family. The question has no “you” as subject: es (it) is the subject, and the person is in the dative.
Pick your answer · from great to bad

In Germany, Wie geht’s? is a real question, usually asked by people who know you. Expect an honest answer, and give one: a short Es geht (so-so) is perfectly normal. Strangers and shop staff greet you with Guten Tag instead.

Reacting

Wie schön!, Schade!, Echt?, Krass!

Short reactions that keep a conversation alive. Krass and Mist are informal; use them with friends.

Keep going

Where your feelings lead next