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French · Grammar · B1 to C1

Reported speech in French: elle a dit qu’elle était fatiguée

Léa said something · pick it, then report it
Léa
JeIsuisamfatiguée.tired
zhuh swee fa-tee-GAY · “I’m tired.”
→
You, reporting it
Elleshea ditsaidqu’ellethat-sheétaitwasfatiguée.tired
el a DEE kel ay-TAY fa-tee-GAY · “She said she was tired.”
Why: Je becomes elle; with a past reporting verb, est shifts to the imperfect était.

Short answer: report a statement with dire que and change the pronouns: « Je suis fatiguée » → Elle dit qu’elle est fatiguée. If the reporting verb is in the past (elle a dit), the tenses shift back one step, as in English: present → imperfect, passé composé → plus-que-parfait, future → conditional. Yes/no questions use si (if); commands use de + infinitive: elle m’a dit de l’appeler.

Shifting the tenses back

Present → imperfect, future → conditional

Only needed when the reporting verb is in a past tense. If you say elle dit que… (present), keep the original tense.

Léa saidElle a dit que…The shift
« Je travaille. »Elle a dit qu’elle travaillait.present → imperfect
« J’ai travaillé. »Elle a dit qu’elle avait travaillé.passé composé → plus-que-parfait
« Je travaillerai. »Elle a dit qu’elle travaillerait.future → conditional
« Je vais travailler. »Elle a dit qu’elle allait travailler.near future → aller in the imperfect
« Je travaillais. »Elle a dit qu’elle travaillait.imperfect: no change
Time and place words

Demain → le lendemain, hier → la veille

When you report something later, “tomorrow” from the speaker’s point of view is no longer tomorrow. These words shift with the tenses.

Reporting questions

Si, ce que, ce qui, où

A reported question drops est-ce que and the question mark, and uses normal word order. Which linking word you need depends on the question.

si« Tu as faim ? »
Ilhem’a demandéme askedsiifj’avais faim.I had hunger
eel ma duh-mon-DAY see zha-VAY FAN · “He asked me if I was hungry.”
où« Où habites-tu ? »
Ilhem’a demandéme askedoùwherej’habitais.I lived
eel ma duh-mon-DAY oo zha-bee-TAY · “He asked me where I lived.”
ce que« Qu’est-ce que tu veux ? »
Ilhem’a demandéme askedce quewhatje voulais.I wanted
eel ma duh-mon-DAY suh kuh zhuh voo-LAY · “He asked me what I wanted.”
ce qui« Qu’est-ce qui se passe ? »
Ilhea demandéaskedce quiwhatse passait.was-happening
eel a duh-mon-DAY suh KEE suh pa-SAY · “He asked what was happening.”
quand« Quand pars-tu ? »
Ilhem’a demandéme askedquandwhenje partais.I was-leaving
eel ma duh-mon-DAY KON zhuh par-TAY · “He asked me when I was leaving.”
Reporting verbs

Dire, demander, promettre, conseiller

Beyond dire, a precise reporting verb tells the listener how something was said. Note which take que and which take de + infinitive.

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