The first Ukrainian you will use is formulaic: greetings, polite expressions, farewells, apologies, thanks, and the small talk that opens and closes interactions. These phrases are not just translations of English equivalents; they are culturally embedded formulas that carry expectations of register, relationship, and context. Knowing when to say Привіт versus Добрий день, when to use ти versus ви, how to respond to Як справи? beyond a literal answer, and how to express gratitude in proportion to the favor - these are the micro-skills of fluent social interaction.
This reference presents the most important Ukrainian phrases organized by situation: greetings and farewells, polite formulas, asking and answering questions, expressing feelings and needs, ordering and shopping, making introductions, and a section on patriotic and solidarity expressions that have become prominent in recent years. Each phrase is given with transliteration, literal translation, and context.
The vocabulary here reflects the distinctively Ukrainian repertoire. Many Ukrainian greetings differ from their Russian equivalents, and using Russian phrases in Ukrainian contexts often marks the speaker as either learning or as a Russian-speaker who has not adapted. Use this guide to build your core social phrase list.
Greetings
Table 1: Greetings by time of day and formality
| Ukrainian | Transliteration | When to use |
|---|---|---|
| Привіт | Pryvit | Informal, with peers, friends, family (hi) |
| Здоров | Zdorov | Very informal, mostly among men (hey) |
| Вітаю | Vitaiu | Semi-formal greeting (also "congratulations") |
| Добрий день | Dobryi den | Formal, anytime (good day) |
| Доброго дня | Dobroho dnia | Formal, anytime (good day, slightly more elegant) |
| Доброго ранку | Dobroho ranku | Formal, morning (good morning) |
| Добрий ранок | Dobryi ranok | Formal, morning |
| Добрий вечір | Dobryi vechir | Formal, evening |
| Доброї ночі | Dobroyi nochi | At parting, late at night (good night) |
| Алло | Allo | On the phone (hello) |
The forms Доброго дня and Доброго ранку are in the genitive case, which is the traditional Ukrainian construction (an elliptical "I wish you a good day/morning"). The nominative forms Добрий день / Добрий ранок are also correct and common.
Examples in context:
- Привіт, як справи? (Pryvit, yak spravy?) = Hi, how are things?
- Добрий день, пане Петренко. (Dobryi den, pane Petrenko.) = Good day, Mr. Petrenko. (Note vocative пане.)
- Доброго ранку! Як спали? (Dobroho ranku! Yak spaly?) = Good morning! How did you sleep?
Farewells
Table 2: Ways to say goodbye
| Ukrainian | Transliteration | When to use |
|---|---|---|
| До побачення | Do pobachennia | Formal, standard (until seeing again) |
| Бувай | Buvai | Informal (see you) |
| Бувайте | Buvaite | Informal plural |
| Пока | Poka | Very informal, Russian-influenced |
| До зустрічі | Do zustrichi | Until we meet (implies seeing again soon) |
| До завтра | Do zavtra | Until tomorrow |
| На все добре | Na vse dobre | All the best (when parting) |
| Прощавай | Proshchavai | Farewell (long-term or final) |
| Щасливо | Shchaslyvo | Happily / take care |
| Тримайся | Trymaisia | Hang in there |
Examples:
- До побачення, дякую за вечір. = Goodbye, thank you for the evening.
- До зустрічі завтра о восьмій. = See you tomorrow at eight.
- Бувай, дзвони! = Bye, call me!
Thanks and Apologies
Table 3: Thanks and apologies
| Ukrainian | Transliteration | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Дякую | Diakuiu | Thank you |
| Щиро дякую | Shchyro diakuiu | Sincerely thank you |
| Дуже дякую | Duzhe diakuiu | Thank you very much |
| Велике спасибі | Velyke spasybi | Big thanks (less common; spasybi is not first choice) |
| Нема за що | Nema za shcho | Don't mention it (not for what) |
| Будь ласка | Bud laska | Please / you are welcome |
| Прошу | Proshu | Please / here you go (Polish-influenced) |
| Вибачте | Vybachte | Excuse me (formal) |
| Вибач | Vybach | Sorry (informal) |
| Перепрошую | Pereproshuiu | I apologize (formal) |
| Пробачте | Probachte | Forgive me |
Будь ласка is the go-to Ukrainian polite word: it means "please" when asking, "here you are" when offering, and "you're welcome" when responding to thanks. It is versatile and always appropriate.
Examples:
- Дякую вам за допомогу. = Thank you (pl./formal) for help.
- Вибачте, де вокзал? = Excuse me, where is the train station?
- Перепрошую за запізнення. = I apologize for being late.
- - Дякую. - Нема за що. = "Thanks." "Don't mention it."
Small Talk: How Are You
Table 4: How are you and responses
| Question | Response | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Як справи? | Добре, дякую! | How are things? - Good, thanks! |
| Як ти? / Як ви? | Нормально. | How are you? - Alright. |
| Як життя? | Потихеньку. | How's life? - Little by little. |
| Як настрій? | Чудово! | How's your mood? - Wonderful! |
| Що нового? | Нічого особливого. | What's new? - Nothing special. |
| Як пройшов день? | Непогано. | How was your day? - Not bad. |
Examples:
- Привіт! Як справи? - Дякую, все гаразд. А у тебе? = Hi! How are things? - Thanks, everything is fine. And with you?
- Як настрій, подруго? - Так собі, чесно кажучи. = How's your mood, friend (f.)? - So-so, honestly speaking.
Asking Questions
Table 5: Question words
| Ukrainian | Transliteration | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Хто? | Khto? | Who? |
| Що? | Shcho? | What? |
| Де? | De? | Where? |
| Куди? | Kudy? | Where to? (direction) |
| Звідки? | Zvidky? | Where from? |
| Коли? | Koly? | When? |
| Чому? | Chomu? | Why? |
| Як? | Yak? | How? |
| Скільки? | Skilky? | How much / how many? |
| Який? | Yakyi? | Which / what kind? |
| Чий? | Chyi? | Whose? |
Example questions:
- Де тут туалет? = Where is the bathroom here?
- Скільки це коштує? = How much does this cost?
- Коли ти приїдеш? = When will you arrive?
- Чому ти сумний? = Why are you sad?
- Як вас звати? = What is your name? (literally: how are you called)
- Звідки ви? = Where are you from?
Introductions
Table 6: Introduction phrases
| Ukrainian | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Мене звати... | My name is... |
| Як вас звати? | What is your name? (formal) |
| Як тебе звати? | What is your name? (informal) |
| Я - українець. / Я - українка. | I am Ukrainian (m./f.). |
| Я з Києва. | I am from Kyiv. |
| Я живу в... | I live in... |
| Дуже приємно. | Very nice to meet you. |
| Приємно познайомитися. | Pleasant to get acquainted. |
| Познайомтеся, це... | Meet (plural/formal), this is... |
Example dialogue:
- Доброго дня! Мене звати Олена. Як вас звати?
- Мене звати Микола. Дуже приємно.
- Приємно. Ви звідки?
- Я зі Львова. А ви?
- Я киянка.
(Good day! My name is Olena. What is your name? - My name is Mykola. Very nice. - Pleased. Where are you from? - I am from Lviv. And you? - I am from Kyiv [female resident].)
At the Restaurant / Shop
Table 7: Restaurant and shopping phrases
| Ukrainian | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Я хочу замовити... | I want to order... |
| Меню, будь ласка. | The menu, please. |
| Що ви порадите? | What do you recommend? |
| Скільки коштує? | How much does it cost? |
| Рахунок, будь ласка. | The check, please. |
| Я вегетаріанець / вегетаріанка. | I am vegetarian (m./f.). |
| Дякую, смачно було. | Thanks, it was delicious. |
| Здачу не треба. | Keep the change. |
| Де каса? | Where is the cashier? |
| У вас є...? | Do you have...? |
| Я візьму... | I'll take... |
| Можна дисконт? | Is a discount possible? |
| Мені потрібно... | I need... |
Expressing Needs and Feelings
Table 8: Needs and feelings
| Ukrainian | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Я хочу їсти. | I want to eat. / I am hungry. |
| Я хочу пити. | I want to drink. / I am thirsty. |
| Мені холодно. | I am cold. (dat. construction) |
| Мені тепло. | I am warm. |
| Я втомився / втомилася. | I am tired (m./f.). |
| Я радий / рада. | I am glad (m./f.). |
| Я сумний / сумна. | I am sad (m./f.). |
| Мені подобається... | I like... (dat. + nom.) |
| Я не розумію. | I don't understand. |
| Повторіть, будь ласка. | Repeat, please. |
| Говоріть повільніше. | Speak more slowly. |
Examples:
- Мені холодно, закрий вікно, будь ласка. = I am cold, close the window please.
- Мені подобається українська музика. = I like Ukrainian music.
- Я не розумів. Повторіть, будь ласка. = I didn't understand. Repeat, please.
Patriotic and Solidarity Expressions
These phrases have become especially prominent and hold special cultural weight.
Table 9: Patriotic phrases
| Ukrainian | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Слава Україні! | Glory to Ukraine! |
| Героям слава! | Glory to the heroes! (standard response) |
| Україна понад усе. | Ukraine above all. |
| Разом до перемоги! | Together to victory! |
| Тримаймося! | Let's hold on! / Stay strong! |
| Дякую за службу. | Thank you for your service. |
| Все буде Україна. | It will all be Ukraine. (expression of certainty) |
Слава Україні! Героям слава! is a formulaic exchange dating from the early 20th century. The greeting Слава Україні! is addressed by the speaker; the response Героям слава! is given by the listener. Using them together is the expected pattern.
Common Mistakes (especially for Russian speakers learning Ukrainian)
1. Saying "Здравствуйте" instead of "Добрий день." The Russian greeting is not standard Ukrainian. Use Добрий день or Добрий ранок / вечір.
2. Saying "Спасибо" instead of "Дякую." Ukrainian is Дякую. While спасибі exists in some dialects, дякую is the universal Ukrainian thanks.
3. Saying "Пожалуйста" instead of "Будь ласка." Use Будь ласка or Прошу.
4. Using nominative in direct address. Ukrainian requires vocative: Олено, допоможи (Olena, help), not *Олена, допоможи.
5. Saying "Как дела?" instead of "Як справи?" Ukrainian equivalent is Як справи?
6. Saying "Извините" instead of "Вибачте." Ukrainian is Вибачте or Перепрошую.
7. Using "Да" and "Нет." Ukrainian is Так (yes) and Ні (no).
8. Using "Привет" for hello. Ukrainian is Привіт (with і, not е).
9. Responding to "Слава Україні" with anything other than "Героям слава." The response is fixed. Anything else breaks the formula.
10. Using Russian patronymics. Ukrainian often uses first name + vocative for friendly address. Russian-style patronymic address (Іван Петрович!) is also correct in formal contexts, but the pattern is slightly less automatic than in Russian.
Quick Reference
Table 10: Essential phrase cheat sheet
| Situation | Ukrainian phrase |
|---|---|
| Hello (informal) | Привіт |
| Hello (formal) | Добрий день |
| Goodbye | До побачення |
| Thank you | Дякую |
| Please / you're welcome | Будь ласка |
| Excuse me | Вибачте |
| Yes / No | Так / Ні |
| I don't understand | Я не розумію |
| Help! | Допоможіть! |
| Where is...? | Де...? |
| How much? | Скільки? |
| My name is... | Мене звати... |
Table 11: Informal vs formal register
| Informal | Formal |
|---|---|
| Привіт | Добрий день |
| Як ти? | Як ви? |
| Бувай | До побачення |
| Дякую | Щиро дякую |
| Вибач | Вибачте |
| Ти | Ви |
FAQ
When do I use ти vs ви?
Use ти with close friends, family, children, peers, and in casual settings. Use ви with strangers, elders, authority figures, and in professional contexts. When in doubt, use ви until invited to switch with phrases like Можна на ти? (Can we use ти?).
Is Slava Ukraini used in everyday speech?
It was originally a historical greeting used in specific political/military contexts. Since 2014 and especially 2022, it has become widely used as a civic greeting, sign-off, and expression of solidarity. It is fully appropriate in most contexts now, though not in purely commercial or casual small-talk.
How do I respond to "Як справи?"
The most common responses are Добре, дякую (Good, thanks), Непогано (Not bad), Нормально (Alright), Все гаразд (Everything is fine). Asking back with А у тебе? (And with you?) is expected.
What's the difference between будь ласка and прошу?
Both mean "please" and "you're welcome." Будь ласка (literally "be kind") is the most general. Прошу (from Polish/West Slavic influence) is slightly more formal and emphasizes politeness. Both are common.
Should I use Ukrainian patronymics?
Ukrainian patronymics exist (e.g., Ivan Petrovych, Olena Mykolayivna) and are used in formal/professional contexts, similar to Russian. In casual conversation, first-name vocative is more common (Іване, Олено).
How do I say "I love you" in Ukrainian?
Я тебе кохаю (for romantic love) or Я тебе люблю (for general affection, family love). Кохаю is specifically romantic; люблю covers a broader range.
What does "На здоров'я" mean?
Literally "to your health." Used when someone sneezes (response: Будьте здорові or Будь здоровий), as a toast, or when offering food (like "enjoy your meal"). Context determines the meaning.
See Also
- Ukrainian Seven Cases Declension Reference
- Ukrainian Pronouns Reference
- Ukrainian vs Russian Vocabulary: False Friends
- Ukrainian Alphabet: Differences from Russian
- Ukrainian Pronunciation vs Russian: Key Differences
- Russian Pronouns Reference
- Russian Alphabet Cyrillic Complete Guide
- Pronunciation Phonology Comparison for English Speakers
Frequently Asked Questions
When do I use ти vs ви?
Use ти with close friends, family, children, peers, and in casual settings. Use ви with strangers, elders, and authority figures. When in doubt, use ви until invited to switch with Можна на ти?
Is Slava Ukraini used in everyday speech?
It was originally a historical greeting. Since 2014 and especially 2022, it has become widely used as a civic greeting, sign-off, and expression of solidarity. Appropriate in most contexts, though not in purely commercial settings.
How do I respond to Як справи?
Common responses: Добре, дякую (Good, thanks), Непогано (Not bad), Нормально (Alright), Все гаразд (Everything is fine). Asking back with А у тебе? is expected.
What's the difference between будь ласка and прошу?
Both mean 'please' and 'you're welcome.' Будь ласка (literally 'be kind') is the most general. Прошу (from Polish/West Slavic influence) is slightly more formal. Both are common.
Should I use Ukrainian patronymics?
Patronymics (Ivan Petrovych, Olena Mykolayivna) are used in formal/professional contexts. In casual conversation, first-name vocative is more common (Іване, Олено).
How do I say I love you in Ukrainian?
Я тебе кохаю (romantic love) or Я тебе люблю (general affection, family). Кохаю is specifically romantic; люблю covers a broader range.
What does На здоров'я mean?
Literally 'to your health.' Used when someone sneezes (response: Будьте здорові), as a toast, or when offering food. Context determines the exact meaning.
